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Englisch · Klausurvorbereitung

Mediation & Writing

Sprachmittlung, Formal vs. Informal, Useful Phrases, Exam Practice

What is Mediation?

The core concept you need to understand for the exam

You provide the mediating link between two languages and normally also between two different text types or (cultural) situations.

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    You start with a task

    You are given a new situation (context, text type, addressee, style, intention…). You pick out particular information from an original text.

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    Never translate word for word

    You never just translate every sentence of the original text exactly. Paraphrase, summarise, repackage.

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    Repackage for the new situation

    Format the text correctly, use appropriate register (formal/informal/semi-formal), beginning & ending.

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    Don't mix in your own opinion

    In a mediation situation, don't mix the information with your own knowledge or opinion.

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    Cultural concepts may need explanation

    Idiomatic terms like CDU, FAZ, Fernweh may need to be explained. Use your intercultural competence.

The No-Go's

Avoid these common mistakes

Never translate sentence by sentence. Always summarise and repackage using your own words. Aim for approximately 1/3 of the original text length.

The mediation text must only contain information from the original source. Do not add what you personally think, believe, or know.

Don't stop after finding one point. But also leave out anything that is irrelevant to the task. Only include what is needed for the addressee.

Always check the task: Who are you writing to? A friend (informal) or a teacher/company (formal)? Use the right language style throughout.

The 4 Mediation Techniques

Follow these steps during your exam

  • 1

    Looking carefully at the task

    Check what relevant points you need to find. It will affect how you read the text. Ask: What is the task? Who am I writing to? What text type?

  • 2

    Reading the original text

    After reading/listening once for gist, note the text title, type and purpose, and if necessary, the author's/speaker's name, intention and tone. Mark only task-relevant keywords.

  • 3

    Preparing your mediation

    Check the new situation: text type and length, addressee, purpose, relationship between you and the addressee (for your text's register/style). Mark only task-relevant keywords in the original. Search for more than one point. Leave unimportant info out.

  • 4

    Writing your mediation text

    Use suitable language and 'packaging' sentences for the new task situation and mention the source. Sum up relevant points in your own words. Paraphrase/explain if you don't know the exact translation. Check for false friends, incorrect tense, spelling, prepositions, word order and style.

Step 4 in detail — Writing the text

Always reference the original article/source with title, author, source and date.

I found an article which refers to the topic we discussed last time. The article is named "Ausstieg aus 'Erasmus plus'", written by Annette Weber and published on the website of "Rheinpfalz" on 25.03.2021.

Informal: Hi [Name], / Dear [Name], … I hope I could help you. / Best wishes, [Name]

Formal: Dear Sir or Madam, / Dear Mr/Ms [Name], … I look forward to hearing from you. / Yours faithfully / Yours sincerely

Semi-formal: Dear [first name], … Best regards, [Name]

Add an appropriate concluding sentence, e.g.:

"It looks like the situation in the country is not favourable at the moment but I hope you'll be able to enjoy your trip nonetheless."

Formal vs. Informal

Key differences you must know for the exam

Formal ✉️
  • No short forms (I am, not I'm)
  • No colloquial language
  • Academic / professional-sounding words
  • Be polite throughout
  • Full verb forms
  • Passive verbs common
  • Longer, complex sentences
  • Polite phrases
  • Participles, gerunds
Informal 💬
  • Short forms (I'm, it's, don't…)
  • Colloquial language OK
  • Abbreviations possible
  • Active verbs
  • Personal tone
  • Shorter sentences
  • Phrasal verbs common
  • Casual greetings & closings

Word Pairs — Formal vs. Informal

From your worksheet — know these pairs!

Formal
  • Dear Sir or Madam
  • I am writing to confirm…
  • I would like to…
  • I will be attending…
  • Would it be possible…
  • I am afraid that…
Informal
  • Dear Jack / Hi [Name]
  • This is just a note to…
  • I want to…
  • I'm going to pop into…
  • Is it all right…
  • I think that…
Formal
  • Furthermore / Moreover
  • However / Nevertheless
  • Unfortunately
  • I am unable to provide…
  • I will contact you…
  • I look forward to meeting you
  • Yours faithfully / Yours sincerely
Informal
  • Also / And
  • But
  • I'm sorry…
  • I can't give you…
  • I'll drop you a line
  • See you on…
  • Best wishes / Cheers

Useful Phrases for Mediation

Learn these — you can use them in every mediation task

Introducing the source

I found an article which refers to…
The article is called "…", written by … and published on … on …
I read a German newspaper article "…" by … in which …
The information are from a … survey / study.
It was published in "…" on the … of …

Summarising content

The article shows / reveals / states that…
According to the article / survey…
The results make it clear that…
The trend in Germany goes to…
It has been estimated that…
To answer your question, in Germany they…
The survey shows that…

Adding information

Furthermore, / Moreover, …
In addition to this, …
It is also mentioned that…
All in all, I can say that…
However, there are also…

Closing / Concluding

I hope I could be of some help.
I hope this information will be useful for…
I hope I could help you.
Please let me know if you need anything else.
I look forward to hearing from you.

Explaining / Paraphrasing

… which means / which refers to…
… also known as… / … roughly translated as…
In other words, …
This basically means that…

Mediation — My Checklist

Go through this before you hand in your exam

  • Length — Usually about 1/3 of the original text
  • Type of text — Have you used the correct text type (e-mail, letter, WhatsApp, blog post…)?
  • Addressee — Who are you writing to/for? Does your register match?
  • Appropriate register — Formal / informal / semi-formal throughout?
  • Appropriate beginning — Sometimes a headline is required (e.g. blog post, article)
  • Reference to the task/scenario — Have you referred to the context?
  • Reference to the article/source — Title, author, source, year and its relevance
  • All relevant information — Have you included all aspects required?
  • Appropriate ending — e.g. concluding sentence
  • Language check — False friends, tense, spelling, prepositions, word order, style

Key features — Quick Reference

Informal letter / email
  • Shorter sentences
  • Personal tone
  • Active verbs
  • Phrasal verbs
  • Abbreviated forms
  • Colloquial language
Formal letter / email
  • Longer sentences
  • Impersonal tone
  • Passive verbs
  • Full verb forms
  • Polite phrases
  • Participles & gerunds

Example Task — Brexit & Erasmus

Based on the Landesabitur 2024 (NT) practice material

Task: You have recently talked to an American friend about your plans to study in the UK and the British government's decision not to be part of the Erasmus programme any longer. Now you have found the article below. Write an email to your friend outlining the reactions of British universities and of their students to this decision. (100 BE)

Key content points the examiner expects:

  • Universities: not happy, fear loss of cultural diversity, letter of complaint, some offer more scholarships
  • Students in UK: can't afford to continue (visa, health insurance, no Erasmus), financial ruin
  • British students: sad & angry, afraid future generations miss out on cultural experiences

Model Answer (informal e-mail)

Example based on your own exam attempt — annotated

Informal E-mail to American friend — Model

Hi Robert,← informal greeting ✓


I found an article which refers to the topic we discussed last time — about the Erasmus programme which the British government doesn't support any more. The article is named "Ausstieg aus 'Erasmus plus': Der Jugend die Zukunft verbaut", written by Annette Weber and published on the website of "Rheinpfalz" on 25.03.2021.← source with title, author, date ✓


The text was interesting to read because it mentions the reactions of British universities and of their students. The universities are shocked that the government made this decision. They think that the variety from the people and the different cultures gets lost. They even complained about it in a letter to the government. Some universities have announced they will expand their own scholarship programmes for Europeans.← university reactions ✓


For the students, the decision is a financial ruin or even the destruction of their study and dreams. Many students can't afford to study in Britain anymore, as they now need a visa and additional health insurance. Furthermore, the Erasmus funding simply falls away.← student reactions ✓


I hope I could help you.← appropriate closing ✓


Best wishes,
Simon

Example Task — Fashion & Mediation

Practice material from class

Task 1: Your Irish friend is writing a term paper on "Overconsumption in Fashion Industry". She has asked you to provide information on the situation in Germany. Write her an e-mail outlining the attitude people have to the fashion industry as given in the article.
Informal model — Dear Clara

Dear Clara,


The topic of your term paper is quite challenging and I'm glad I've found a perfect article to provide you with some information. It's called "Greenpeace-Umfrage: Deutsche sehen Kleidung als Wegwerfware" and was published on the website www.n-tv.de in November 2015.


The results make it clear that Germans are fond of the latest trends and because of this clothing has become a disposable product. It is really interesting that especially women from the West have a lot of clothes in their wardrobes, the majority of which are often sorted out and/or thrown away. Half of the interviewees don't even hide that they've never been to a tailor. Moreover, the majority of German youth have never been to a shoemaker.


I hope I could be of some help.

Best wishes,
Mark

Quiz — Test yourself

Click the correct answer

1. In a mediation text, how long should your text roughly be compared to the original?
2. Which of the following is a NO-GO in mediation?
3. Which opening is appropriate for a FORMAL letter?
4. When is "Yours faithfully" the correct closing?
5. Which is the correct FORMAL equivalent of "I want to book a room"?
6. What must you ALWAYS include when introducing the source in a mediation text?
7. What is the correct order of the 4 mediation steps?
8. Which phrase is INFORMAL?